Reidentifying the Educational Responsibilities of an Islamic Government Based on Quranic Anthropology

In the Qur’anic worldview, a religious government is not merely an institution for maintaining social order and security, but carries a fundamental responsibility for the guidance, development, and educational transcendence of its citizens. Despite the significance of this mandate, the precise scope and components of the religious government’s educational duties, particularly those rooted in the truth of human nature, remain under-theorized and lack systematic elucidation. This research aims to identify and categorize these responsibilities by focusing on the fundamental pillars of Qur’anic anthropology: divine fitra, rationality, and human free will. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical and deductive methodology, the study draws upon the Holy Qur’an and authoritative exegetical perspectives. The findings demonstrate that the educational duties of a religious government can be classified into three primary axes: first, safeguarding the divine fitra and fostering the flourishing of human inclinations such as the search for God, truth-seeking, and perfectionism; second, promoting rationality by expanding an education system based on critical thinking, supporting freedom of thought, and combating ignorance, superstition, and superficiality; and third, facilitating the realization of free will and conscious choice through public awareness, culture-building, and the removal of external barriers. Consequently, a religious government is obligated to provide an appropriate social environment that fosters balanced human growth and leads society toward servitude ('ubudiyyah) and salvation by recognizing the existential requirements of human beings. Therefore, articulating these duties is both an academic and social necessity to reform cultural and educational policies and to prevent deviation from the Qur’anic goals of governance.